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Oryza sativa ssp. indica

Authority	L.
Family	Liliopsida:Commelinidae:Cyperales:Gramineae
Synonyms
Common names
Editor
Ecocrop code	8143

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A grass and cereal crop up to 60-180 cm tall, with a shallow root system and erect culms. Indica rices are usually tall, leafy, high tillering, and lodge easily. USES Rice is mainly grown for food but it is also used in cosmetics, laundering starch, and textiles. An oil is produces and used as cooking and salat oil, for soap manifacture and it is made into a plastic packaging material. Husks are used as fuel, as an addition to concrete, for making hardboard and as an abrasive. Straw are used for fodder and as a fertilizer. Beer, wine and spirits can be produced from the grain. GROWING PERIOD Annual grass, wetland types growing 80-150 days, while floating rice may require 180-200 days to mature. COMMON NAMES Rice, Riz, Arroz, Reis, Ris. FURTHER INF The cultivation of indica is confined to areas between 0° and 25° latitude, it is seldom grown above 1200 m in elevation and perform best below 600 m. They are hardy, resistant to diseases and tolerate unfavourable growing conditions. Rice can be grown very successfully in areas of low humidity and rainfall if there is adequate water available for irrigation but rice prefer medium to high humidity. Photosynthesis pathway C3 II. Rice in this group flower fastest when the day-length is 10 hours or less and even day-length of 12 hours will delay the flowering. Rice seedlings is only adapted to a water pH down to 4.0. In tropical Africa average yields vary between 1-3 t/ha.
Sources
SOURCES (O. sativa L. s. indica) Sims D (pers. comm.) Doorenbos J 1979 pp 125 Rhem S 1991 pp 10-19 [TEMP, KTMP, LIG, PHO, RAIN, TEXT, PH] Maas E 1990 pp 271 Sys C 1984 pp 70 Sys C 1986 Sys C 1990 Kassam A 1976 Landon J 1984 pp 280 285 288 290 [TEXT, PH, FER, DEP] Bunting E 1981 pp 19 20 Roecklein J 1987 pp 40 [USE] Eswaran H 1986 Kozlowski T 1977 pp 58 Williams C 1979 pp 66-83 [KTMP, TEMP, RAIN, LIG, TEXT, DRA, PH] Skerman P 1990 pp 508-511 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, PH] Kernick M 1961 pp 192 Purseglove J 1972 pp 163-199 [RAIN, LIG, PHO, TEMP, TEXT] Onwueme I 1991 pp 200-214 [LIG, TEMP, RAIN, TEXT, PH]