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Citrus aurantium

Authority
Family	Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Sapindales:Rutaceae
Synonyms	Citrus aurantium L. var. amara L., Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia, Citrus bigaradia L isel., Citrus vulgaris Risso
Common names	bitter orange, sour orange
Editor
Ecocrop code	711

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A small evergreen, thorny tree up to 10 m high. The flowers are large and white and the fruit is globose, often bright orange-red when ripe. USES The fruit, leaves, and flowers yield a volatile bigarade oil used in flavoring, liqueurs, perfumes, and medicines. The fruit is used in marmelades. An oil is extracted from the fruit peel and used as a flavor in bakery, soft drinks, candies, and also in cosmetic waters and perfumes. The leaves and flowers have medicinal properties. An infusion of the leaves and flowers have sedative qualities. The tree is often used as a root stock for lemon, sweet orange, and grapefruit. KILLING T -5°C to -10°C. GROWING PERIOD Perennial. It begins to bear from 3 years of age, yields increase to aboute 8 years and the economic life is 25-30 years. COMMON NAMES Sour orange, Seville orange, Bitter orange, Orange amere, Bigarada, Bigarade, Bigaradier, Naranja amarga, Amarga, Naranja agria, Arancia amarga, Arancio amaro, Melangolo, Sevilla orange, Orange de Seville, Pomeranze, Lemon itam, Limau samar, Cabuso, Krooch loviing, Som. FURTHER INF Sour orange is native of Southeast Asia. In the tropics best adapted to elevations above 500 m. (See also under Citrus ssp.) Mentioned as a useful agroforestry species.
Sources
SOURCES (C. aurantium L.) Hackett C 1982 pp 153 [FER, PHO, DEP, PH, TEXT, TEMP] Roecklein J 1987 pp 103 [USE] Duke J 1975 pp 12 [PH, RAIN, TEMP] Samson J 1986 pp 73-138 [TEMP, RAIN, TEXT, DRA, DEP, PH] IBPGR 1986 pp 105 Tindall H 1968 pp 235 Williams C 1982 MDA 1991 pp 772 Vandenput R 1981 pp 937 Baldini E 1985 Purseglove J 1974 pp 500 Voortman R 1994 (pers. comm.) Rehm S 1991 pp 176 [USE] Hockings E 1961b pp 175-179 [TEMP, KTMP, DRA, DEP, TEXT, PH] Verheij E 1991 pp 325 [USE]